Epitrimerus malimarginemtorquens

A gall-causer on apple Malus.

These galls were keyed using third edition of British Plant Galls (2023). I'm not sure of the species of apple (but possibly Crab Apple or its hybrid as I've netted Cryptic Apple Leaf-miner Phyllonorycter hostis flying around it, and that's not supposed to be on domestic apple). The rolls were tight and curved upwards - the third photo below shows the underside of the same gall shown in the second photo.

Epitrimerus malimarginemtorquens galls on apple, Beetley Meadows (Norfolk, UK), 11th July 2025